Catatonia and neurocognitive deficit in the clinical picture of schizophrenic and affective spectrum disorders (literature review)

Catatonia and neurocognitive deficit in the clinical picture of schizophrenic and affective spectrum disorders (literature review)

 

Authors

 

S.I. Ignatieva

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Irkutsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

V.V. Sobennikova

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Irkutsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Irkutsk, Russian Federation

 

https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2025-1(126)-64-74

 

Journal: Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2025; 1 (126):  64-74.

 

Abstract

Background.In the clinical pictureof schizophrenic and affective spectrum disorders, catatonia is considered as a prognostically unfavorable sign, since it is associated with symptoms of neurocognitive deficit. Clarification of the spectrum of catatonic symptoms in the clinical pictureof endogenous disorders in connection with the severity of neurocognitive impairments seems relevant, since it involves improving diagnosis, prognosis of the clinical course and outcomes, as well as optimization of therapeutic programs. The objective of the review is to systematize the literature data on the prevalence, clinical picture and dynamics of endogenous mental disorders (schizophrenic and affective spectrum) with the presence of catatonic syndrome in the clinical picture in the context of the connection with the indicators of neurocognitive functioning of patients. Materials and Methods. An analysis of modern Russian and foreign scientific publications devoted to catatonic syndrome in endogenous disorders of the schizophrenic spectrum, including in connection with neurocognitive impairments, was performed. Scientometric databases (PubMed, eLibrary, Google Scholar) were used. Results. According to modern data from psychiatric literature, significant differences in clinical manifestations of catatonia in different diseases have been established. For example, in patients with schizophrenia, catalepsy, automatic subordination, negativism, mannerisms, grimacing, fanciful movements and stereotypes prevail in the clinical picture of catatonia. At the same time, stupor, mutism and rigidity are highly frequent in patients with depression, and catatonic agitation is most typical for patients with manic syndrome. The severity of catatonic disorders in the clinical picture in various diseases is closely related to the severity of cognitive impairment. Some researchers correlate neurocognitive deficit with nosological specificity (in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, affective disorders) and differentiate cognitive impairment into clusters. In the structure of schizophrenia, the presence of catatonic symptoms clearly determines the worst indicators of cognitive functioning. Even specific disorders in decision-making and change of attitudes are revealed in patients with schizophrenia accompanied by catatonia, in contrast to patients with schizophrenia without catatonic symptoms. Conclusion. The data discussed in the review confirm the relevance of studying catatonia in the clinical picture of schizophrenic and affective spectrum disorders, especially in terms of its connection with cognitive impairment. The results of such a study suggest improving diagnosis, optimizing prognosis, and developing differentiated approaches to complex therapy and rehabilitation.

 

Keywords: catatonia, neurocognitive deficit, paroxysmal schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder.

 

Article (pdf)

 

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Materials  

For citation: Ignatieva S.I., Sobennikova V.V. Catatonia and neurocognitive deficit in the clinical picture of schizophrenic and affective spectrum disorders (literature review). Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry.2025; 1 (126): 64-74. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2025-1(126)-64-74

 

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